Ashraf, Cameran2023-06-162023-06-1620211475-1798, 1475-180110.1080/14751798.2021.1959141https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14018/13765For nearly thirty years scholars have offered changing definitions of cyberwar. The continued ambiguity demonstrates that efforts at establishing definitional clarity have not been successful. As a result, there are many different and contradictory definitions, ranging from cyberwar’s non-existence to cyberwar as an imminent threat. Ongoing definitional ambiguity makes interdisciplinary research and policy communications challenging in this diverse field. Instead of offering a new definition, this paper proposes that cyberwar can be understood through a fluid framework anchored in three themes and five variables identified in a broad interdisciplinary survey of literature. This framework's applicability is demonstrated by constructing an example definition of cyberwar utilising these themes and variables.engCC BY 4.0https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/CyberwarGeopoliticsInternetCyber conflictCybersecurityJournal articlehttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14751798.2021.1959141