Open Research Repository

The Open Research Repository (ORR) is the official institutional repository of the Central European University. The repository provides access to the research output of the CEU community by collecting open access versions of scholarly works authored or co-authored by CEU faculty and students.

For more information, please contact us at: scholcom@ceu.edu

Recent Submissions

  • ItemOpen Access
    A European way of war:Towards doctrine to defend against Russia, without the US
    (2025-04) Walshe, Garvan
    Recent changes in US foreign policy and strategic posture have forced Europe to think about meeting its security needs without US support. One issue that requires a particular focus is the question of how to deter and defend against Russia in a conventional war. This article attempts a high-level assessment of European military capability, and considers whether existing military doctrine is adequate. It argues that Europe should maintain its focus on NATO’s manoeuvrist mode of war fighting and identifies key capability gaps that need to be filled for (a) a coalition of the willing and (b) Europe as a whole to be able to fight in this way. It cautions against an unduly defensive, attritional method of fighting, based on conscript armies, as playing to Russia’s strengths instead of our own.
  • ItemOpen Access
    The Beowulf Group:Taking the lead to defend Europe
    (2024-10-15) Walshe, Garvan
    Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has exposed divisions in European strategic culture and threat perception. The search for a lowest-common-denominator response to the threat has hampered the European reply to the Russian aggression, often forcing the EU to move at the speed of its slowest member, whether in supplying ammunition and equipment to Ukraine or setting up the defence industry needed to accelerate such a supply in the future. Notwithstanding the importance of keeping a broad coalition together, this article argues that it is now time to create a vanguard of like-minded European nations, led by France, Poland and, though not an EU member, the UK, but open to other states, which can force the creation of a new strategic culture able to meet the Russian threat. This ‘Beowulf Group’, named after the Danish hero from the Anglo-Saxon epic who stood up to the marauding monster Grendel, could establish a Strategic College for Europe, a joint Elite European Reserve Legion and a strategic communications centre, to move European policy in a more active direction.
  • ItemOpen Access
    Liberdade de expressão, desinformação e democracia na era digital
    (2025-11-25) Andrade, André
    Disinformation has become one of the main threats to democratic life and to the very idea of factual truth. This article examines the phenomenon from a theoretical-bibliographic perspective, discussing its cognitive, social and technological foundations. The distinction between misinformation, disinformation and mal-information is analyzed, as well as the multiplicity of forms that information falsehood takes in the digital environment. Next, the psychological factors that explain human gullibility are addressed, such as cognitive biases and the dynamics of echo chambers and filter bubbles. The text also investigates the relationship between political lies and democratic corrosion, highlighting the role of algorithms and the business models of digital platforms in amplifying disinformation. Finally, the challenge of regulating platforms, the responsibility of technology companies, and the necessary balance between freedom of expression and protection against informational abuse are discussed.
  • ItemOpen Access
    Human infants appreciate that information bears value for other individuals
    (2025-12-06) Varga, Bálint; Kovács, Ágnes Melinda; Department of Cognitive Science
    Humans’ ability to recognize each other as seekers of information is crucial for effectively sharing knowledge, evaluating confidence, and reasoning about the role of knowledge in behavior. Here, we investigate the foundations of this ’epistemic sense’ through a series of looking-time experiments, asking whether 14-month-old human infants recognize and evaluate the information-directed goals behind others’ actions. In Experiments 1-3, we assess infants’ understanding of scenarios where an individual seeks information driven by uncertainty or curiosity about objects. In Experiment 4, we examine their expectations regarding the efficiency of such information seeking. Our results indicate that infants have a nuanced grasp of the principles guiding others’ epistemic actions, including how uncertainty and novelty motivate information seeking, and that they also have expectations about the efficiency of such attempts in terms of maximizing information gain. This suggests that the foundational concepts for understanding the epistemic aspects of others’ behavior develop early on.
  • ItemOpen Access
    The Witness Vanishes:Jewish Women from Hungary Remember Sexual Violence During WWII
    (Purdue University Press, 2025-12) Pető, Andrea; Department of Gender Studies
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